Universal, selective and indicated interventions for supporting mental health at the workplace: an umbrella review of meta-analyses.

The current umbrella review aimed to assess and summarise evidence on universal, selective and indicated interventions for mental health at the workplace. This umbrella review forms one of the evidence reviews which were commissioned by the WHO to develop global guidelines on mental health at work. We conducted systematic searches in five bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane and Global Medicus Index) and included meta-analyses of randomised trials examining psychosocial, physical activity and lifestyle interventions delivered to all general workers (universal interventions), at-risk workers (selective interventions) and workers already experiencing symptoms of mental disorders (indicated interventions). We included outcomes from seven domains: symptoms of mental health conditions, positive mental health, quality of life, work-related outcomes, substance use, suicide-related outcomes and potential adverse effects. We identified 16 meta-analyses producing 66 pooled effect sizes of the examined interventions, mostly on symptoms of mental health conditions (n=43 pooled effect sizes) (eg, burnout, insomnia, stress) and positive mental health (n=15) (eg, well-being). Most of the evidence on universal, selective and indicated interventions was focused on psychosocial interventions, showing small to moderate effects across the various outcomes. Certainty levels according to GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) were low to very low in almost all of the examined outcomes. The results of existing meta-analyses are promising for the use of preventative and early treatment interventions in the workplace. However, the quality and certainty of the evidence were very modest, and further research on the effectiveness of these interventions is warranted.

Atuação do conselho nacional de saúde frente à pandemia de covid-19: uma análise documental / Performance of the National Health Council in the face of the covid-19 pandemic: a documentary analysis / Desempeño del Consejo Nacional de Salud ante la pandemia de covid-19: un análisis documental

Introdução:A legislação do Sistema Único de Saúde confere aos Conselhos de Saúde, enquanto órgãos colegiados deliberativos, a competência para fiscalizar as ações de saúde e deliberar sobre as temáticas de interesse da gestão em saúde e do controle social.Objetivo:Analisar a atuação do Conselho Nacional de Saúde no enfrentamento à pandemia de COVID-19.Metodologia:Trata-se de uma análise documental, de natureza descritiva e com abordagem qualitativa, realizada entre outubro e novembro de 2021. Os atos normativos foram recuperados do sitedo Conselho Nacional de Saúde e analisados à luz do referencial teórico-metodológico da Análise de Conteúdo.Resultados:Entre 86 atos normativos expedidos pelo Conselho Nacional de Saúde, 20 foram incluídos no estudo por apresentarem relação direta com as medidas de enfrentamento à emergência de saúde pública de importância internacional provocada pelo vírus SARS-COV-2. A partir do teor e das aproximações temáticas dos documentos selecionados, eles foram organizados em três categorias: Atenção à Saúde; Gestão Orçamentária e Financeira; e Saúde e Segurança nos Serviços de Saúde.Conclusões:Apesar da não observância da edição de resoluções, instrumento com maior poder de vinculação ao ato do gestor da saúde, restringindo-se a emissão de recomendações, o Conselho Nacional de Saúde desenvolveu seu papel institucional e político, necessário na atual conjuntura, principalmente num cenário que ao longo dos últimos anos vem mitigando a legitimidade dos espaços de controle e participação social no Brasil (AU).

Introduction:The legislation of the Unified Health System grants the Health Councils, as deliberative collegiate bodies, the competence to supervise health actions and deliberate on topics of interest to health management and social control.Objective:To analyze the performance of the National Health Council in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic.Methodology:This is a documentary analysis, with a descriptive nature and a qualitative approach, carried out between October and November 2021. The normative acts were retrieved from the website of the National Health Council and analyzed in the light of the theoretical-methodological framework of Content Analysis.Results:Among 86 normative acts issued by the National Health Council, 20 were included in the study because they were directly related to measures to cope with the public health emergency of international importance caused by the SARS-COV-2 virus. Based on the content and thematic approaches of the selected documents, they were organized into three categories: Health Care; Budget and Financial Management; and Health and Safety in Health Services.Conclusions:Despite the non-compliance with the issue of resolutions, an instrument with greater power of linking to the act of the health manager, restricting the issuing of recommendations, the National Health Council has developed its institutional andpolitical role, necessary in the current situation, mainly in a scenario that over the last few years has been mitigating the legitimacy of spaces for social control and participation in Brazil (AU).

Introducción: La legislación del Sistema Único de Salud otorga a los Consejos de Salud, como órganos colegiados deliberativos, la competencia para inspeccionar las acciones de salud y deliberar sobre los temas de interés de la gestión en salud y el control social. Objetivo: Analizar el desempeño del Consejo Nacional de Salud en el enfrentamiento de la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: Se trata de un análisis documental, de carácter descriptivo y con enfoque cualitativo, efectuado entre octubre y noviembre de 2021. Los actos normativos fueron recuperados del sitio web del Consejo Nacional de Salud y analizados a la luz del marco teórico-metodológico del Análisis de Contenido. Resultados: De los 86 actos normativos emitidos por elConsejo Nacional de Salud, 20 fueron incluidos en el estudio porque estaban directamente relacionados con las medidas para enfrentar la emergencia de salud pública de relevancia internacional provocada por el virus SARS-COV-2. Con base en el contenido y las aproximaciones temáticas de los documentos seleccionados, estos fueron organizados en tres categorías: Atención a la Salud; Gestión Presupuestaria y Financiera; y Salud y Seguridad en los Servicios de Salud.Conclusiones: A pesar del incumplimiento en relación con la edición de las resoluciones, un instrumento con mayor poder para vincular el acto del gestor de la salud, limitándose a emitir recomendaciones, el Consejo Nacional de Salud ha desarrollado su rol institucional y político, necesario en la situación actual, especialmente en un escenario que en los últimos años ha mitigado la legitimidad de los espacios de control y participación social en Brasil (AU).

[Research progress on the occupational health and personal protection of emergency responders].

To meet the requirement from the economy and society, China's emergency rescue has been developing towards specialization and professionalization. The working environment for emergency responders is special accompanying with tremendous challenges and uncertainties. To promote the research on occupational health and personal protection is an important guarantee for the workers in China to realize the goal of "decent work". This paper reviews the hazards that affect the occupational health of emergency rescue workers, the research progress of adverse outcomes caused from exposure to these hazards, and the related development issues of personal protection. In order to ensure the safety and health of emergency rescue workers, the direction of further research on occupational health of emergency rescue workers is put forward.

Manual de seguridad y salud ocupacional / Occupational health and safety manual

Para el Canal de Panamá, el proveer un ambiente de trabajo seguro y saludable para todos sus empleados, contratistas y visitantes es un requisito. Para lograr esto, el Canal de Panamá ha establecido, implementado y mantenido su Programa de Seguridad e Higiene Industrial. Un programa es sólo tan bueno como el apoyo que recibe de la gente a la cual sirve. Por este motivo, es la expectativa que todos los funcionarios, empleados, contratistas y visitantes de esta institución apoyen dicho programa; a través del cumplimiento de las directrices y normas de salud y seguridad correspondientes. Los funcionarios, supervisores y empleados deben promover una cultura de seguridad y ser vigilantes del cumplimiento de las normativas, buscando siempre el control de los peligros en el sitio de trabajo, tomando acción para prevenir y corregir las condiciones o comportamientos que puedan ocasionar o contribuir a la ocurrencia de un accidente.

Decent Work Country Programme 2019 to 2021

Suriname is located in the South American continent with a population of approximately 573,0003 and geographic size of slightly under 164,000km. It is a democratic country which became independent from the Netherlands in 1975. Its Gross National Income (GNI) per capita is USD 5,1504 . In terms of human development, in 2017 it was classified as an upper middle income country and ranks 100 out of 189 countries on the Human Development Index (HDI). The population density is approximately 3.6 persons per square kilometre, making it the lowest in the Latin America and Caribbean region. Most of the population lives in the capital city of Paramaribo and surrounding areas, located on the country's northern coast. However, there are populations which live in the interior rural regions of Suriname. The relatively high cost of transportation and communication challenges pose barriers to the provision of services.

Mental wellbeing at work

This guideline covers how to create the right conditions for mental wellbeing at work. It aims to promote a supportive and inclusive work environment, including training and support for managers and helping people who have or are at risk of poor mental health. Who is it for?: Employers Senior leadership and managers, including supervisors of volunteers Human resource teams Employees, self-employed people and volunteers Local and regional authorities Professional and employee-representative organisations All those with a remit for workplace health (including occupational safety and health professionals and occupational health teams) Members of the public

Descriptive study of chest x-ray examination in mandatory annual health examinations at the workplace in Japan.

The utility of chest x-ray examination (CXR) in mandatory annual health examinations for occupational health is debatable in Japan. This study aimed to provide basic data to consider future policies for mandatory annual health examinations in the workplace. A nationwide descriptive survey was performed to determine the rate of detection of tuberculosis, lung cancer, and other diseases through CXR in organizations associated with National Federation of Industrial Health Association. The rate of finding on CXR conducted during annual health examinations in FY2016 was evaluated. Data regarding diagnosis based on follow-up examination findings were obtained and compared with the national statistics. In addition, CXR findings were compared with the results of low-dose lung computed tomography performed at the Hitachi Health Care Center. From 121 surveyed institutions, 88 institutions with 8,669,403 workers were included. For all ages, 1.0% of examinees required follow-up examination. Among 4,764,985 workers with diagnosis data, the tuberculosis detection rate was 1.8-5.3 per 100,000 persons. For Lung cancer, 3,688,396 workers were surveyed, and 334 positive cases were detected. The lung cancer detection rate using CXR was 9.1-24.4 per 100,000 persons. From 164 cases with information regarding the clinical stage, 72 (43.9%) had Stage I lung cancer. From 40,045 workers who underwent low-dose computed tomography multiple times, 31 lung cancer cases, all with Stage I disease, were detected (detection rate: 77.4 per 100,000 persons). Our findings suggest that CXR plays a little role in the detection of active tuberculosis. With regard to LC screening, the detection rate of LC by CXR was lower, approximately 50%, than the expected rate (41.0 per 100,000 persons) of LC morbidity based on the age-sex distribution of this study population. However, the role of CXR for LC screening cannot be mentioned based on this result, because assessment of mortality reduction is essential to evaluate the role.

Health and Mortality in Korean Healthcare Workers.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the health status of healthcare workers (doctors and nurses) compared to those in the general population based on the National Health Insurance Service database and the cause of death data from Statistics Korea. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 104,484 doctors and 220,310 nurses working in healthcare facilities from 2002 to 2017, and who had undergone at least one general medical examination. Based on the subject definition, the subject data were extracted from the National Health Insurance healthcare facility database and qualification database. We collected medical use details included in the research database, general medical examination results, medical history included in the health examination database, and additional data on the cause of death from the National Statistics database to analyze the main cause of death and mortality. RESULTS: In terms of the major causes of death and mortality among healthcare workers, the mortality rate associated with intentional self-harm, injury, transportation accident, heart disease, addiction, and falling was significantly higher than that in the general population. Further, the prevalence of respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases was high. When analyzing the proportional mortality ratio (PMR) by cause of death for healthcare workers, the PMR values for death related to malignant neoplasm was the highest. In terms of diseases, both doctors and nurses had higher rates of infectious diseases such as maternal sepsis, rubella, and measles. CONCLUSION: The health status of healthcare workers differs from that of the general population. Thus, it is important to consider the occupational characteristics of healthcare personnel. This study is unique in that it was conducted based on medical use indicators rather than survey data.

Occupational risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection during the second pandemic surge: a cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: This cohort study including essential workers, assessed the risk and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the second surge of COVID-19 according to baseline serostatus and occupational sector. METHODS: Essential workers were selected from a seroprevalence survey cohort in Geneva, Switzerland and were linked to a state centralised registry compiling SARS-CoV-2 infections. Primary outcome was the incidence of virologically confirmed infections from serological assessment (between May and September 2020) to 25 January 2021, according to baseline antibody status and stratified by three predefined occupational groups (occupations requiring sustained physical proximity, involving brief regular contact or others). RESULTS: 10 457 essential workers were included (occupations requiring sustained physical proximity accounted for 3057 individuals, those involving regular brief contact, 3645 and 3755 workers were classified under 'Other essential occupations'). After a follow-up period of over 27 weeks, 5 (0.6%) seropositive and 830 (8.5%) seronegative individuals had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, with an incidence rate of 0.2 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.6) and 3.2 (95% CI 2.9 to 3.4) cases per person-week, respectively. Incidences were similar across occupational groups. Seropositive essential workers had a 93% reduction in the hazard (HR of 0.07, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.17) of having a positive test during the follow-up with no significant between-occupational group difference. CONCLUSIONS: A 10-fold reduction in the hazard of being virologically tested positive was observed among anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositive essential workers regardless of their sector of occupation, confirming the seroprotective effect of a previous SARS-CoV2 exposure at least 6 months after infection.

Approaches for setting occupational exposure limits in the pharmaceutical industry.

The use of pharmaceutical drugs has provided a cure for many diseases. However, unintended exposure to drugs in the manufacturing workplace can cause significant health hazards to workers. It is important to protect the workforce from these deleterious effects by limiting exposure to an acceptable level, the occupational exposure limit (OEL). OEL is defined as airborne concentrations (expressed as a time-weighted average for a conventional 8-h workday and a 40-h work week) of a substance to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed (for a working lifetime) without adverse effects. Determination of OELs has become very challenging over time, requiring an overall assessment of the preclinical and clinical data of the drug being manufactured. Previously, to derive OEL values, toxicologists used animal no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) data, which have been replaced with the overall assessment of animal and human data, placing a higher emphasis on human health-based data. A major advantage of working with human pharmaceuticals is that sufficient clinical data are available for them in most cases. The present manuscript reviews the latest knowledge regarding the derivation of occupational exposure limits as health-based exposure limits (HBELs) for pharmaceuticals. We have provided examples of OEL calculations for various drugs including levofloxacin (CAS No. 100986-85-4), dienogest (CAS no. 65928-58-7), and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, CAS no. 50-78-2) using human data. This report will benefit professionals in the OEL domain in understanding this highly important, growing, and challenging field.

Comprehensive occupational health services for healthcare workers in Zimbabwe during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. In low- and middle- income countries, they may be particularly impacted by underfunded health systems, lack of personal protective equipment, challenging working conditions and barriers in accessing personal healthcare. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, occupational health screening was implemented at the largest public sector medical centre in Harare, Zimbabwe, during the "first wave" of the country's COVID-19 epidemic. Clients were voluntarily screened for symptoms of COVID-19, and if present, offered a SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection assay. In addition, measurement of height, weight, blood pressure and HbA1c, HIV and TB testing, and mental health screening using the Shona Symptom Questionnaire (SSQ-14) were offered. An interviewer-administered questionnaire ascertained client knowledge and experiences related to COVID-19. RESULTS: Between 27th July and 30th October 2020, 951 healthcare workers accessed the service; 210 (22%) were tested for SARS-CoV-2, of whom 12 (5.7%) tested positive. Clients reported high levels of concern about COVID-19 which declined with time, and faced barriers including lack of resources for infection prevention and control. There was a high prevalence of largely undiagnosed non-communicable disease: 61% were overweight or obese, 34% had a blood pressure of 140/90mmHg or above, 10% had an HbA1c diagnostic of diabetes, and 7% had an SSQ-14 score consistent with a common mental disorder. Overall 8% were HIV-positive, with 97% previously diagnosed and on treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Cases of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers mirrored the national epidemic curve. Implementation of comprehensive occupational health services during a pandemic was feasible, and uptake was high. Other comorbidities were highly prevalent, which may be risk factors for severe COVID-19 but are also important independent causes of morbidity and mortality. Healthcare workers are critical to combatting COVID-19; it is essential to support their physical and psychological wellbeing during the pandemic and beyond.

Optimizing Parameters for Smoke Evacuation.

BACKGROUND: Current literature lacks recommendations regarding the ideal organization of the smoke evacuation system to minimize inhalation of surgical smoke. OBJECTIVE: This study determines optimal parameters of the smoke evacuation system with respect to the surgical field. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in an outpatient surgical facility at a tertiary care center. After 30 seconds of continuous electrocautery of tissue, particulate measurements were recorded using the TSI DustTrak Aerosol Monitor 8520 (>2.5 µm particles) and the TSI P-Trak Ultrafine Particle Counter 8525 (<1 µm particles) while changing the angle and distance of the smoke evacuation system. RESULTS: Particulate matter measurements were lower when suction angle was at 45° than at 90°. For both small-sized and large-sized particles, the lowest particulate matter was recorded when the evacuator was maintained at a 45° angle, 2 to 4 inches away from the cauterizing procedure. Particulate matters dramatically increased after increasing the distance of the smoke evacuator beyond 8 inches from the procedural site. CONCLUSION: In an effort to reduce smoke inhalation, the authors recommend that smoke evacuation should be placed at a 45° suction angle, no further than 8 inches away from the surgical site, while preserving the surgeon's field of vision.

Consideraciones de bioseguridad en la realización de la autopsia de casos positivos de COVID-19 / Biosafety considerations in the autopsy of positive COVID-19 cases

Fundamento: la autopsia permitirá dilucidar la patogenia y la correlación clínico-patológica de la infección por SARS-Cov-2, si bien su realización presenta riesgos de contagio, estos pueden ser minimizados al aplicar medidas de bioseguridad recomendadas por instituciones con gran experiencia en el manejo de enfermedades infecciosas. Objetivo: contribuir a la organización de la evidencia sobre la realización de autopsias de casos COVID-19 bajo niveles óptimos de bioseguridad. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda en MEDLINE/PUBMED, se utilizaron las palabras: COVID-19, SARS-Cov-2, autopsia y bioseguridad. Se incluyeron guías y resoluciones de instituciones, series y presentaciones de casos con descripción de los procederes de autopsia. Los criterios de elegibilidad fueron: el país, número de autopsias realizadas, tipo de autopsia (completa o mínimamente invasiva), descripción de las medidas personales de bioseguridad y características del espacio físico de la morgue. Resultados: se obtuvieron 27 artículos que describen los procedimientos, equipos empleados y condiciones de infraestructura para garantizar la bioseguridad. De ellos, 13 describen la realización de la autopsia en una sala con presión negativa, y en 11 se describe la técnica y las medidas de bioseguridad a utilizar, con el uso de los equipos de protección personal. Se hallaron un total de cuatro documentos normativos o recomendaciones oficiales sobre los procedimientos a seguir para la realización de la autopsia con el mínimo de riesgos. Además de dos artículos que resumen dichas normativas. Conclusiones: los exámenes post mortem de casos COVID-19 se pueden realizar de manera segura con la aplicación de los equipos de protección personal adecuados (AU)

Background: the autopsy will allow elucidating the pathogenesis and the clinical-pathological correlation of the infection by SARS-Cov-2, although its performance presents risks of contagion, these can be minimized by applying bio-safety measures recommended by institutions with great experience in the management infectious diseases. Objective: to contribute to the organization of the evidence on the performance of autopsies of COVID-19 cases under optimal levels of bio-safety. Methods: a MEDLINE / PUBMED search was performed, using the words: COVID-19, SARS-Cov-2, autopsy and bio-safety. Guidelines and resolutions from institutions, series and case presentations were included with a description of the autopsy procedures. The eligibility criteria were: country, number of autopsies performed, type of autopsy (complete or minimally invasive), description of personal bio-safety measures, and characteristics of the physical space of the morgue. Results: 27 articles were obtained that describe the procedures, equipment used and infrastructure conditions to guarantee bio-security. Of these, 13 describe the autopsy in a room with negative pressure, and 11 describe the technique and bio-safety measures to be used, using personal protective equipment. A total of four normative documents or official recommendations were found on the procedures to follow to carry out the autopsy with the minimum of risks. In addition to 2 articles that summarize these regulations. Conclusions: post-mortem examinations of COVID-19 cases can be performed safely with the application of appropriate personal protective equipment (AU)

Strengthening a Culture to Address Bullying and Incivility in the Care Environment.

The safety of our patients and our workforce is paramount to elevating the health and wellness of the global communities we serve. The health and well-being of our frontline staff directly influences the environment of care, and it is our job as healthcare leaders to address workplace bullying, incivility, and lateral and horizontal violence. From patient to provider violence, to peer-peer bullying, these acts of incivility erode at the core of the care environment and impact an organization's culture of safety, influence nursing engagement scores, negatively impact patient outcomes, and decrease overall retention. Magnet® organizations help to elevate the practice of nursing and ensure world-class interprofessional care. Therefore, the Commission on Magnet has included new language in the 2023 Magnet Application Manual in the Organizational Overview (OO7), which directly addresses the organization's structure and processes aimed at addressing workplace violence, bullying, and incivility.

Supporting the Health of Our Nurses Using the 4A Model.

Despite the well-documented need for nurse-focused efforts on health and wellness, too few healthcare organizations have made a meaningful impact on this issue. Nurse health should be integrated into the strategic and operational workings of the organization. Environments of health and wellness require attention, accountability, action, and accessibility. Although individual choice is the starting point, true success will be achieved when nurse health is a nonnegotiable outcome consistent with quality, safety, finance, and patient experience.

Gestión de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo frente al Covid-19 en una empresa del sector pesquero peruano / Occupational safety and health management of COVID-19 at a company in the Peruvian fishing sector

Objetivo: Evaluar la gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo de una empresa del sector pesquero peruano frente al Covid-19 Métodos: La variable independiente fue la gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo respecto a la implementación de acciones preventivas y de control frente al Covid-19. La variable dependiente se midió a través del número de casos detectados y la tasa de positividad de Covid-19. Se utilizó un diseño preexperimental con una preprueba, durante la implementación en proceso y una post prueba, con información recopilada al finalizar las acciones preventivas y de control. Se realizó un análisis inferencial no paramétrico para establecer diferencias significativas entre la preprueba y la post prueba y el grado de asociación entre las variables. Resultados: La empresa inició una estrategia de detección de casos positivos a través del uso de pruebas serológicas. Durante la primera etapa, se realizaron 2329 pruebas que arrojaron un 71% de positividad. Una vez que se implementaron las acciones de prevención y control la tasa de positividad se redujo a un 15.65% durante agosto del 2020. Las pruebas inferenciales mostraron un nivel de significación (p<0.05) en la reducción obtenida, así como en la relación de esta con las medidas adoptadas. Conclusiones: Una adecuada gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo frente al Covid-19 redujo de manera significativa el número de casos detectados y la tasa de positividad del Covid-19 en trabajadores del sector pesquero peruano (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the occupational safety and health management of COVID-19 at a company in the Peruvian fishing sector Methods: The independent variable was occupational safety and health management, defined as the implementation of preventive and control measures in response to COVID-19. The dependent variable was defined as the number of detected COVID-19 cases and test positivity rate. We used a pre- (implementation phase) and post-test (following the implementation phase) study design. We performed a non-parametric inferential analysis to identify any significant pre- and post-test differences and any associations between the variables. Results: The company initiated a strategy to detect positive cases through the use of serological tests. During the first stage, 2329 tests were conducted, yielding a positivity rate of 71%. Once prevention and control actions were implemented, the positivity rate in August 2020 had decreased to 15.65%,, a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05), as well as its relationship to the measures implemented. Conclusions: This occupational safety and health intervention significantly reduced the number of COVID-19 cases and positivity rate in this group of workers in the Peruvian fishing sector (AU)

Higiene e conduta: funcionários / Hygiene and conduct: employees

Esta Norma Técnica fixa as condições exigíveis para higiene de funcionários em Bancos de Leite Humano e em Postos de Coleta de Leite Humano, visando a garantia da qualidade nestes serviços e sua certificação.